India needs to sharply increase the productivity of its labour force and invest in enhancing the skill levels of its working age population to achieve the goal of “Viksit Bharat” by 2047. The insufficient and poor engagement of the working-age population, combined with increasing capital deepening across sectors, highlights pressing challenges on both the supply and demand sides of the labour market (Afridi et al., 2025). These dual constraints, including the limited supply of skilled labour and the economy’s insufficient capacity to productively absorb the workforce, need to be addressed urgently.