Publication Page Archive

The result is a persistent gap in labour force participation. Despite recent improvements, women’s participation remains well below its potential, especially in urban areas and in higher-productivity sectors. India has begun to acknowledge an inconvenient truth about its economy: growth cannot be sustained without bringing more women into paid work. The Union Budget 2026 reflects...   Read More

The IHDS Forum is a monthly update of socio-economic developments in India by the IHDS research community, based on the India Human Development Survey, jointly conducted by NCAER and the University of Maryland. While two earlier rounds of the survey were completed in 2004-05 and 2011-12, respectively. Fieldwork for the third round was undertaken in...   Read More

Delhi consistently ranks among the world’s most polluted cities, posing a severe public health threat to over 30 million residents and shortening life expectancy by up to 12 years. Summary of this article Pollution sources vary sharply by season: dust dominates summer air, while winter pollution is driven overwhelmingly (85–94%) by combustion sources such as...   Read More

The National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), one of India’s premier economic policy research think tanks, carried out the 135th Round of its Business Expectations Survey (BES) in December 2025. NCAER has been carrying out the BES every quarter since 1992, covering 500 firms across four regions.

India’s Free Trade Agreement with the European Union is being sold as a diplomatic breakthrough. Some in Europe have called it the “mother of all deals”. India should treat it as something else: a compliance test that can be turned into a growth lever only if domestic systems are fixed first. That is why the hard work...   Read More

As India hosts the AI Summit this week, the event must be viewed not as a technology showcase, but as a development inflection point. Artificial Intelligence is rapidly becoming foundational infrastructure — comparable to electricity, highways, or digital payments. The central question before India is whether AI will remain a private efficiency tool or evolve...   Read More

Using data from a primary survey conducted in rural India, this paper examines how two key survey design features—respondent identity and question framing—affect employment estimates. First, it estimates the causal impact of (a) replacing a single weekly employment question with a set of detailed activity-specific questions, and (b) changing the reference period from a week to individual...   Read More

While the India-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (FTA) strengthens India’s position in the Asia-Pacific, the India-Oman Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) deepens economic ties with the Middle East. The proliferation of trade deals in 2025, amid rising geopolitical tensions, is an attempt to recalibrate India’s strategic diplomacy with its trade partners. The path-dependency component adds...   Read More

India today finds itself at an unusual and potentially transformative juncture in the global economic order. On one side lies the long-negotiated India–EU agreement — often described as the mother of all deals — impenetrable with market access, regulatory standards, and long-term discipline. On the other is the rapidly deepening India–US economic engagement — increasingly...   Read More

The oil shocks taught India a painful lesson: management without measurement is a vulnerable idea. Minerals now occupy the same position that oil once did, but across more sectors. The oil crises of the 1970s have never quite left India’s collective memory. What tends to get lost, however, is that the real failure of that...   Read More